大樱桃贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

大樱桃营养丰富,色泽鲜艳,口感香甜,具有补中益气、祛风湿等功效,非常受市场欢迎。但由于大樱桃采摘后易软化腐败,不易保存,因此需要加强大樱桃保鲜研究。本文介绍了大樱桃采前因素对贮藏品质的影响及控制措施,并总结了大樱桃低温保鲜、气调保鲜、涂膜保鲜、减压保鲜、辐照保鲜及保鲜剂处理等保鲜技术的研究进展,以期促进大樱桃保鲜技术的发展,减少腐损率,提高经济效益。     

湖南三种不同嫩度工夫红茶香气品质比较分析

对湖南红茶标准样及安化群体种与黄金茶等三种不同嫩度红茶样进行了香气感官品质评价和成分分析,结果表明:芽头红茶样品中醇类含量占比最高,呈现出馥郁高长的鲜甜香;一芽一叶红茶样品中醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类含量居中,多表现为纯正较浓的甜香;一芽二叶茶样样本间差异较大,碳氢化合物和酯类化合物在标准样品中占比较高,其花香明显,在安化群体和黄金茶红茶样品中占比较低,表现为甜香纯正.试验结果可为湖南红茶原料嫩度选择提供参考.     

通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力

为培育抗寒菠萝新品种,本研究通过比较菠萝脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列和拟南芥脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列,筛选获得目标基因AcoFAD2;通过农杆菌转化菠萝'台农17'获得过表达AcoFAD2转基因植株TN17FAD2-3;转基因植株和对照在低温条件下进行培养,鉴定转基因植株和对照的不饱和脂肪酸含量及抗寒能力.结果 发现组培苗在7℃条件下处理5d然后转入26℃生长一周,TN17FAD2-3第四片叶坏死比例为(5±1)％,只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV第四片叶坏死比例为(97±2)％.组培苗在7℃条件下生长5d,然后转入26℃生长15d.TN17FAD2-3第二片叶叶面积为(2.15±0.2) cm2,TN17-EV第二片叶叶面积为(0.06±0.01) cm2.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量(16∶3+18∶3)为(77.5±0.7)％,对照TN17-EV叶片不饱和脂肪酸(16∶3+18∶3)含量为(58.6±0.8)％.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量高于只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV.低温条件下,TN17FAD2-3比TN17-EV生长快,TN17FAD2-3株系比TN17-EV具有更高的抗寒性,载体UBI-pCAMBIA1301不能提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力,通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2能够提高菠萝植株的抗寒性能,本研究为快速培育抗寒菠萝新品种提供理论基础.     

水稻OsABCC10基因的克隆及其功能分析

ABCC蛋白为ABC转运蛋白超家族中的一个亚家族,主要参与将各种分子从细胞质输出到外部介质或细胞器基质的过程。为了研究OsABCC10基因是否参与水稻Na+的运输,本研究从水稻基因组中克隆出OsABCC10基因,该基因cDNA全长4539 bp,编码1513个氨基酸。OsABCC10基因表达分析发现,其主要在水稻根中表达,表达量随盐处理浓度的升高及处理时间的延长而增强,表明OsABCC10基因的表达受盐胁迫的调控。亚细胞定位分析证实OsABCC10定位于液泡膜上。盐胁迫条件下,与野生型相比,osabcc10突变体表现出对盐更敏感,而且木质部汁液中Na+浓度升高。然而,当OsABCC10基因导入野生型酵母菌株BY4741表达时,与对照组实验相比,有OsABCC10表达的酵母细胞的生长受到了抑制。该结果与植物生理实验结果相反,这可能与OsABCC10蛋白在酵母中的定位有关。本研究初步推测OsABCC10基因参与水稻Na^+的转运,是一个新的耐盐基因。     

Evolution of spatial structure patterns of city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of corporate pledge linkage

The pledge of stock rights is a method for measuring the external horizontal connections of enterprises, which is more suitable to represent the city network compared with the vertical connections of enterprises. Meanwhile, it is greatly significant to express the relationships of regional spaces. The paper characterizes and explores the evolution of urban spatial structure with complex network research methods to enrich the relevant works on city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2017. The results are as follows: First, from 2011 to 2017, the pledge of stock rights among cities was enhanced significantly, and the trend of the city networks' characteristics become strengthened and more complicated. Second, cities in the Yangtze River Delta have relatively high connection values, however, cities in the western area are holding peripheral positions within the city network. Third, due to the advantages of economic agglomeration and radiation, the provincial capital have become the core nodes in the city network. Fourth, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have dominant positions within city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Particularly, Shanghai, as one of the leading financial centers in China, has a growing influence on other cities and gradually evolved into a regional growth pole city and the first core city.     

防御信号途径在B型烟粉虱取食烟草诱导抗蚜防御中的作用

B型烟粉虱取食能够诱导烟草产生对烟蚜的抗性反应,为了明确水杨酸和茉莉酸防御信号途径与烟粉虱诱导抗蚜防御之间的关系,采用生化分析、实时定量PCR、蚜虫生物活性测定等方法比较了烟粉虱若虫取食对烟草水杨酸、茉莉酸含量、通路下游防御基因表达水平的影响及外源水杨酸、茉莉酸对烟蚜生长发育的影响。结果显示：烟粉虱侵染能够显著激活水杨酸防御途径,在取食15天后,水杨酸水平较对照升高1.40倍,水杨酸下游防御基因PR-1a及PR-2a分别较对照升高3.22和0.74倍;然而烟粉虱侵染后烟草叶片茉莉酸含量与对照相比无显著变化,JA下游防御基因PI-II和TPI的转录水平分别较对照降低73.91%和56.73%。生测结果显示,外源施用水杨酸对烟蚜的存活率和相对平均生长率具有显著不利影响。烟草叶片施用1 mmol/L水杨酸后,蚜虫的存活率及相对生长率分别较对照降低43.2%和11.54%;然而喷施茉莉酸甲酯对蚜虫的生长发育无不利影响。上述结果表明,水杨酸介导的防御应答在B型烟粉虱取食诱导烟草的抗蚜防御中起重要作用。     

称重式降水传感器与翻斗雨量传感器测雨性能对比分析

为了观测降水数据的准确性,选取了南通市4个台站2018年4月—10月份的DCS1型称重式降水传感器和SL3-1型翻斗雨量传感器观测的降水数据,分析两者观测的日降水量和降水总量等方面的差异。结果显示：在选取的观测样本中,以人工观测的降雨日数为参考,称重传感器的平均一致率为91.2%;以翻斗传感器观测的降雨日为参考,称重传感器的一致率为94.5%。称重传感器观测的累积降水量与翻斗传感器观测的累积降水量相对平均误差为-1.55%,符合中国气象局规定的相对误差不超过±4%的规范要求。在分析日降水量方面,发现称重传感器比翻斗传感器观测量平均偏小0.29 mm;有明显性降水时,两者在日降水量等级判别上基本一致。称重传感器观测的数据小于翻斗传感器观测的数据概率要高,两种传感器观测的差值分布较为一致。称重传感器在捕捉微量降水的能力不比翻斗传感器差,甚至更好。称重传感器观测的日降水量与翻斗传感器观测的日降水量相关系数为0.99826,达到0.01显著相关的水平。     

网室内棉花不育系蜜蜂授粉试验研究

本研究在网室内利用蜜蜂为6个棉花不育系材料授粉，以人工授粉作为对照，研究蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉在农艺性状等指标上的差异。结果表明，蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉的单株结铃数和空果枝数有极显著差异；不同不育系的单株结铃数差异极显著，果枝数有显著差异。晋56-1A、晋56-3A、晋56-6A的单株结铃数在蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉间有显著性差异，晋56-2A和晋56-5A的单株结铃数在不同授粉方式下有极显著差异；晋56-4A和晋56-6A的空果枝数有极显著差异。室内考种表明，蜜蜂授粉的衣分范围为26.3%～39.6%，人工授粉的衣分为29.4%～35.3%，人工授粉衣分范围相对较小。人工授粉的单铃籽粒数、制种产量均比蜜蜂授粉大，铃重、籽指、发芽率相差不大。蜜蜂授粉制种产量达人工授粉的80%左右；而制种成本可节约50%以上。因此，选择强群势蜂群、适时有效的虫害管理等措施，可提高棉花不育系制种效率，对棉花“三系”的发展有重要的推动作用。     

Effect of miR-29b-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of microRNA-29b (miR-29b)-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and its effect on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS: Hepatic liver fibrosis rat model was established, and its HSC were isolated. Normal rat HSC were also obtained and identified in vitro. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the alterations of miR-29b, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins and liver fibrosis marker proteins in the acquired cells. Finally, the direct targeting binding of miR-29b to TGF-β1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay system.RESULTS: With the activation of HSC, the expression of miR-29b gradually decreased (P<0.01), while the expression of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin gradually increased (P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of Smad2/3/4 was significantly increased, and the expression of Smad7 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-29b bound directly to "UCUCUCCGU" in the 3'UTR of TGF-β1, indicating that TGF-β1 was a downstream target gene of miR-29b.CONCLUSION: miR-29b may be involved in the inhibition of HSC activation and migration, thereby inhibiting the process of liver fibrosis. The biological function of miR-29b may be through the direct targeting of TGF-β1, thus regulating and inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.     

PDCA循环工作法在培训教研室制度建设中的应用实践

PDCA循环理论由于管理层次多样、运行程序科学严谨,广泛适用于各项管理工作甚至是管理的各个环节。将其引入国家林业局管理干部学院培训教研室制度建设工作中,通过PDCA循环四阶段进行管理,包括科学制定目标和工作计划、认真组织实施制度建设工作、及时检查结果、积极反馈制度建设中存在的问题,提高了培训教研室制度建设和管理质量,使培训教研室制度建设和管理进一步科学化、规范化。